The action plans provide insights in how to organise circular economy solutions at city level including how to overcome barriers to circular economy. Although the plans are developed for each pilot city (i.e. no general action plan) there are many learnings of interest for other cities. The action plans foresee the involvement of different actors (e.g. individuals, citizens' associations, municipalities) and address different sectors concerning material flow (e.g. textiles, energy, logistics/transport, waste, plastic).